1 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:47,000 Forests at first sight 2 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:50,000 may seem quiet and tranquil. 3 00:00:57,640 --> 00:01:01,280 But today we can explore them in new ways... 4 00:01:04,360 --> 00:01:06,560 ...and from a new perspective. 5 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:13,480 And, in fact, they're full of unexpected connections, 6 00:01:13,480 --> 00:01:15,360 relationships 7 00:01:15,360 --> 00:01:18,440 and even secret messages. 8 00:01:30,920 --> 00:01:33,720 Only now are we discovering 9 00:01:33,720 --> 00:01:37,000 how strange and complex 10 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:39,480 forests actually are. 11 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:01,920 The rainforest of Borneo. 12 00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:12,120 A pair of oriental pied hornbills are renewing their partnership. 13 00:02:17,680 --> 00:02:19,520 They mate for life. 14 00:02:28,720 --> 00:02:32,400 And this year's nesting season is just starting. 15 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:42,680 Before they face the challenges ahead, 16 00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:44,760 they reaffirm their bond. 17 00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:58,000 And they do so with an unusual ritual... 18 00:03:00,040 --> 00:03:03,920 ...at the entrance to a bat cave that they know well. 19 00:03:36,960 --> 00:03:40,120 This rather curious gift 20 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:43,000 isn't normally on their menu. 21 00:03:45,520 --> 00:03:49,120 But it both demonstrates devotion 22 00:03:49,120 --> 00:03:53,720 and reassures the female that her mate will provide for her. 23 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:04,760 In the coming weeks, she will depend on him 24 00:04:04,760 --> 00:04:07,560 in the most extraordinary way. 25 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:20,320 Nesting is a dangerous time for any bird. 26 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:26,960 The hole in this tree trunk 27 00:04:26,960 --> 00:04:29,920 will provide vital protection. 28 00:04:31,560 --> 00:04:34,040 Just what she wants. 29 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:41,360 Once settled inside... 30 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:44,640 ...the female does something truly bizarre. 31 00:04:47,040 --> 00:04:50,880 She pulls out her flight feathers. 32 00:04:53,240 --> 00:04:56,160 She is not going to need them 33 00:04:56,160 --> 00:05:01,360 because she will be staying in here for quite some time. 34 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:08,920 It's not only a little cramped, 35 00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:12,280 it also lacks basic amenities. 36 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:24,640 Now her partner brings her a beakful of mud. 37 00:05:26,400 --> 00:05:30,800 And she begins to seal herself in. 38 00:05:46,160 --> 00:05:48,720 She has turned the tree hole 39 00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:52,720 into a predator-proof fortress. 40 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:11,800 But it's also... 41 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:14,080 ...a prison. 42 00:06:40,680 --> 00:06:44,080 Her partner, however, is a regular visitor. 43 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:53,040 For the next two months, he will deliver all her food 44 00:06:53,040 --> 00:06:55,920 directly to her door. 45 00:07:07,120 --> 00:07:09,760 But she can be fussy. 46 00:07:21,640 --> 00:07:25,320 He's going to have his work cut out. 47 00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:28,720 Delicious. 48 00:08:31,840 --> 00:08:35,760 It may seem that he has been doing all the work... 49 00:08:36,760 --> 00:08:40,040 ...But she, too, has been fully occupied. 50 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:45,160 The food he has brought has enabled her to produce 51 00:08:45,160 --> 00:08:47,760 two precious eggs. 52 00:08:53,080 --> 00:08:56,600 She will keep them safe for another six weeks 53 00:08:56,600 --> 00:08:59,840 until the young have grown and fledged. 54 00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:05,600 And then, both she and they 55 00:09:05,600 --> 00:09:08,440 will break out of their confinement. 56 00:09:23,160 --> 00:09:25,760 But until then... 57 00:09:25,760 --> 00:09:31,400 ...this devoted couple are going to be very busy indeed. 58 00:09:47,880 --> 00:09:51,200 The warmth and the moisture of rainforests 59 00:09:51,200 --> 00:09:53,880 enables their inhabitants to flourish 60 00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:56,800 in both numbers and variety. 61 00:10:01,480 --> 00:10:06,680 And here, in the Amazon, live many strange species. 62 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:16,320 This is a treehopper. 63 00:10:18,880 --> 00:10:22,400 One of hundreds of different types in this forest. 64 00:10:31,280 --> 00:10:35,320 They not only have a bizarre appearance... 65 00:10:35,320 --> 00:10:37,760 ...but they also communicate... 66 00:10:39,600 --> 00:10:41,920 ...in a remarkable way. 67 00:10:49,000 --> 00:10:51,960 Vibrating their bodies, they send signals 68 00:10:51,960 --> 00:10:54,280 through the forest plants they live on. 69 00:11:06,680 --> 00:11:11,280 Most of these messages we can only hear by using special microphones. 70 00:11:18,440 --> 00:11:22,880 Each treehopper species has its own repertoire. 71 00:11:35,360 --> 00:11:37,360 And every sound... 72 00:11:39,200 --> 00:11:41,920 ...has its own particular meaning. 73 00:11:47,640 --> 00:11:50,680 Whether it is to attract a mate... 74 00:11:51,720 --> 00:11:54,640 ...share information about food... 75 00:11:59,320 --> 00:12:03,040 ...or warn each other about the arrival of predators. 76 00:12:18,280 --> 00:12:22,360 This treehopper mother communicates with her young, 77 00:12:22,360 --> 00:12:25,160 encouraging them to stay together 78 00:12:25,160 --> 00:12:27,760 so that she can protect them. 79 00:12:34,920 --> 00:12:41,440 For there are plenty here waiting to eat young treehoppers. 80 00:12:44,200 --> 00:12:46,440 Ants... 81 00:12:46,440 --> 00:12:47,800 ...on the hunt. 82 00:13:04,320 --> 00:13:08,640 Treehoppers know how to defend themselves. 83 00:13:12,200 --> 00:13:16,320 But not all threats are so easily dealt with. 84 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:27,520 An assassin bug. 85 00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:32,360 Armed with piercing mouthparts 86 00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:35,080 and sticky front legs... 87 00:13:41,240 --> 00:13:47,000 ...capable of literally sucking the life out of her entire brood. 88 00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:01,400 She can try to block the assassin's path. 89 00:14:02,720 --> 00:14:05,040 But she can't guard them all. 90 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:11,640 She needs help from friends in high places. 91 00:14:18,880 --> 00:14:20,480 Bees. 92 00:14:49,560 --> 00:14:51,400 They're very aggressive. 93 00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:57,480 This is more than the assassin bug bargained for. 94 00:14:59,080 --> 00:15:01,800 Mission accomplished. 95 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:05,720 Her brood are safe. 96 00:15:07,920 --> 00:15:11,600 The bees don't protect the treehoppers for free. 97 00:15:13,200 --> 00:15:17,880 A little tickle on a treehopper's back... 98 00:15:17,880 --> 00:15:21,720 ...and they exude a sugary liquid. 99 00:15:25,880 --> 00:15:28,000 Honeydew. 100 00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:33,840 A sweet reward for protecting them. 101 00:15:45,440 --> 00:15:48,680 It's just one of the countless ways 102 00:15:48,680 --> 00:15:52,680 in which forest species work together. 103 00:16:11,400 --> 00:16:13,720 In the forests of India, 104 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:18,080 you can hear a unique and truly extraordinary sound. 105 00:16:27,560 --> 00:16:30,320 These are dholes... 106 00:16:32,240 --> 00:16:36,360 ...wild dogs that whistle. 107 00:16:40,480 --> 00:16:45,040 Like treehoppers, they, too, communicate in secret - 108 00:16:45,040 --> 00:16:48,040 but for a different reason. 109 00:16:55,240 --> 00:16:59,920 Hunting in a dense teak forest is difficult... 110 00:17:01,520 --> 00:17:06,440 ...especially so if your prey is three times your own size. 111 00:17:11,360 --> 00:17:15,280 The only way for dholes to succeed 112 00:17:15,280 --> 00:17:17,560 is to work as a team. 113 00:17:24,720 --> 00:17:28,960 This family has four growing pups. 114 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:57,480 A chital deer could feed the entire pack. 115 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:07,920 The pack must get close... 116 00:18:11,680 --> 00:18:14,240 ...without being detected. 117 00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:32,600 But with eyes and ears everywhere... 118 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:39,440 ...the deer are soon aware of the dogs' presence. 119 00:18:51,800 --> 00:18:54,280 The pack can't afford to give up. 120 00:18:56,960 --> 00:18:59,840 They may have better luck here. 121 00:19:02,880 --> 00:19:07,680 The vegetation is dense and provides better cover. 122 00:19:09,720 --> 00:19:14,280 But the dholes could easily lose track of one another. 123 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:17,640 So they use their unique whistles. 124 00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:38,320 Only dholes can understand 125 00:19:38,320 --> 00:19:41,360 these quiet, unobtrusive calls. 126 00:19:59,120 --> 00:20:04,360 Now they take up their hunting positions... 127 00:20:09,280 --> 00:20:12,280 ...even though they can't see each other. 128 00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:36,040 With the deer surrounded... 129 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:40,640 ...the dholes wait for the signal to attack. 130 00:21:00,840 --> 00:21:04,440 Some of the dholes split the herd... 131 00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:12,040 ...and drive a stag towards others waiting in ambush. 132 00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:48,280 The dholes' ability to communicate so quietly 133 00:21:48,280 --> 00:21:50,800 enables them to stay connected, 134 00:21:50,800 --> 00:21:54,960 and so hunt successfully in the tangle of their jungle. 135 00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:18,960 The mountainous forests of central China. 136 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:27,520 Until recently, these were among the least known of forests. 137 00:22:29,640 --> 00:22:32,320 They're full of swirling mists, 138 00:22:32,320 --> 00:22:35,040 and few outsiders had any idea 139 00:22:35,040 --> 00:22:37,320 of what they might contain. 140 00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:46,000 Living in such dense vegetation, 141 00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:49,760 it's difficult to make yourself seen... 142 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:52,240 ...even when you want to be. 143 00:22:53,920 --> 00:22:57,880 And that's a problem for this male Temminck's tragopan. 144 00:22:59,360 --> 00:23:02,760 He has lived most of his life alone. 145 00:23:05,880 --> 00:23:09,440 And this is his first mating season. 146 00:23:12,760 --> 00:23:18,240 He needs to make himself conspicuous in the gloom of the forest floor, 147 00:23:18,240 --> 00:23:21,840 and he's found a clearing where he might do so. 148 00:23:25,440 --> 00:23:27,600 A female. 149 00:23:38,000 --> 00:23:41,160 She, too, is looking for a mate. 150 00:23:43,960 --> 00:23:46,600 This could be his moment. 151 00:24:11,800 --> 00:24:13,560 Oh, dear. 152 00:24:15,280 --> 00:24:17,240 Stage fright. 153 00:24:24,040 --> 00:24:26,040 And who is this? 154 00:24:28,200 --> 00:24:31,160 A male golden pheasant. 155 00:24:33,400 --> 00:24:35,880 He, too, has come to this clearing... 156 00:24:37,560 --> 00:24:40,040 ...to attract a female. 157 00:24:45,080 --> 00:24:49,480 And he seems a little more confident. 158 00:25:16,640 --> 00:25:19,960 So that is how it's done. 159 00:25:24,920 --> 00:25:28,520 The tragopan might still have a chance. 160 00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:30,600 Here is a new female. 161 00:25:32,800 --> 00:25:35,000 But is she interested? 162 00:25:42,320 --> 00:25:44,680 It's time to be bold. 163 00:25:55,200 --> 00:25:58,040 He pumps up a pair of horns 164 00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:00,400 and a multicoloured bib. 165 00:26:03,760 --> 00:26:06,280 It's a sight to be wondered at. 166 00:26:11,840 --> 00:26:15,560 And it has never before been filmed in the wild. 167 00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:54,320 Not today. 168 00:26:56,800 --> 00:26:59,200 How deflating. 169 00:27:15,120 --> 00:27:20,160 The temperate rainforests of western Canada. 170 00:27:23,880 --> 00:27:28,360 Some of the trees here are 1,000 years old. 171 00:27:46,560 --> 00:27:51,280 It's autumn, and the beginning of a spectacle that each year 172 00:27:51,280 --> 00:27:55,800 transforms this forest and all that lives in it. 173 00:28:04,200 --> 00:28:08,600 After years at sea, thousands of Pacific salmon 174 00:28:08,600 --> 00:28:12,400 are returning to these streams to breed. 175 00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:23,640 And they attract the forest's rarest resident. 176 00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:45,120 A spirit bear. 177 00:28:47,560 --> 00:28:51,040 A white variant of the black bear. 178 00:29:01,440 --> 00:29:04,960 Fewer than 150 exist, 179 00:29:04,960 --> 00:29:07,200 and they're found only here. 180 00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:22,640 This female has fished for salmon here for 20 years. 181 00:29:49,880 --> 00:29:52,000 Get your timing right... 182 00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:58,000 ...and there can be great rewards. 183 00:30:05,080 --> 00:30:08,720 In her youth, she was, in fact, even more successful 184 00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:11,520 than the black bears. 185 00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:22,200 Perhaps her pale coat makes it difficult for the fish to see her 186 00:30:22,200 --> 00:30:24,640 against the bright sky, 187 00:30:24,640 --> 00:30:27,240 and that could give her an advantage. 188 00:30:33,800 --> 00:30:36,960 But now she is old, 189 00:30:36,960 --> 00:30:40,640 and this year she's finding it hard. 190 00:31:07,520 --> 00:31:12,480 Her fishing skills, however, haven't totally deserted her. 191 00:31:16,640 --> 00:31:19,960 This annual feast helps her to fatten, 192 00:31:19,960 --> 00:31:22,480 ready for the winter ahead. 193 00:31:27,680 --> 00:31:31,800 But it also helps the patch of forest where she lives. 194 00:31:34,160 --> 00:31:39,160 This female has an unusual relationship with the forest. 195 00:31:43,200 --> 00:31:47,800 Every fish carcass she leaves behind decays, 196 00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:52,000 releasing nutrients that soak into the soil. 197 00:31:56,680 --> 00:31:58,400 And there... 198 00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:05,680 ...they are collected by a network of fungi. 199 00:32:20,480 --> 00:32:25,000 The threads attach themselves to the trees' roots. 200 00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:31,720 And nutrients from the fish, collected by the fungi, 201 00:32:31,720 --> 00:32:35,080 are then passed on to the trees. 202 00:32:36,920 --> 00:32:39,680 As a consequence, the forest around the river 203 00:32:39,680 --> 00:32:43,120 grows three times faster than elsewhere. 204 00:32:52,720 --> 00:32:58,080 And some trees here become as tall as any in the world... 205 00:33:06,080 --> 00:33:11,520 ...and provide spirit bears with a healthy forest home. 206 00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:34,240 We now know that such relationships exist in forests all over the world. 207 00:33:38,840 --> 00:33:41,760 At the heart of these many connections 208 00:33:41,760 --> 00:33:45,040 stand giant trees, like this one. 209 00:33:46,680 --> 00:33:48,920 A kapok. 210 00:33:51,320 --> 00:33:56,120 It started life as a seed some 200 years ago. 211 00:33:59,280 --> 00:34:03,960 Now it towers 60 metres above the forest floor... 212 00:34:05,760 --> 00:34:10,640 ...and transports 1,000 litres of nutrient-filled water 213 00:34:10,640 --> 00:34:16,520 from its roots up to its canopy every day. 214 00:34:22,560 --> 00:34:27,000 So this giant gives life to others. 215 00:34:35,880 --> 00:34:39,120 A whole community of animals and plants 216 00:34:39,120 --> 00:34:43,000 depends on the wellbeing of this one tree. 217 00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:32,360 A single cut made in just a few moments 218 00:35:32,360 --> 00:35:36,960 has broken thousands of long-established connections. 219 00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:48,520 Across the world's forests, 220 00:35:48,520 --> 00:35:53,360 this story is being repeated endlessly. 221 00:36:06,640 --> 00:36:09,800 15 billion trees 222 00:36:09,800 --> 00:36:13,240 are cut down every year. 223 00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:27,440 Every one of these trees is, in itself, 224 00:36:27,440 --> 00:36:30,280 an intricate ecosystem. 225 00:36:42,520 --> 00:36:46,520 But here in Brazil, they're being replaced 226 00:36:46,520 --> 00:36:50,920 by plantations of a single species of tree. 227 00:37:00,000 --> 00:37:02,440 Originally from Australia... 228 00:37:04,120 --> 00:37:07,440 ...these eucalypts are unable to build relationships 229 00:37:07,440 --> 00:37:11,000 with most of the native plants and animals. 230 00:37:18,520 --> 00:37:22,440 And, worse, these newcomers grow so rapidly 231 00:37:22,440 --> 00:37:25,280 they extract nutrients from the soil 232 00:37:25,280 --> 00:37:28,440 faster than they can be replaced. 233 00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:40,880 And what was once a rich and complex world... 234 00:37:43,160 --> 00:37:48,240 ...becomes little more than a green desert. 235 00:38:22,280 --> 00:38:24,880 And at just five years of age... 236 00:38:26,080 --> 00:38:28,280 ...their lives are ended. 237 00:38:31,040 --> 00:38:34,920 They're felled and taken away. 238 00:38:45,360 --> 00:38:51,000 Their wood is then pulped to make paper. 239 00:39:02,120 --> 00:39:06,240 And all that remains of the rich rainforest 240 00:39:06,240 --> 00:39:09,640 are a few tiny patches. 241 00:39:18,120 --> 00:39:22,960 Patches so small that few of the original inhabitants 242 00:39:22,960 --> 00:39:26,360 are able to survive in them. 243 00:39:33,360 --> 00:39:36,600 Uganda, East Africa. 244 00:39:47,880 --> 00:39:50,880 This small group of chimpanzees 245 00:39:50,880 --> 00:39:54,200 have a detailed knowledge of the forest territory 246 00:39:54,200 --> 00:39:58,560 that they inherited from previous generations. 247 00:40:08,440 --> 00:40:12,040 They know the best places to shelter, 248 00:40:12,040 --> 00:40:13,920 to raise their young... 249 00:40:17,280 --> 00:40:19,000 ...and to feed. 250 00:40:38,320 --> 00:40:41,440 This fruiting tree 251 00:40:41,440 --> 00:40:46,560 cannot by itself sustain the chimps for long. 252 00:41:04,080 --> 00:41:08,800 The alpha male signals that it's time to move on. 253 00:41:14,480 --> 00:41:18,240 Where he goes, others will follow. 254 00:41:36,320 --> 00:41:40,320 He leads them not to another fruiting tree... 255 00:41:42,280 --> 00:41:45,640 ...but into a new world. 256 00:42:05,120 --> 00:42:08,680 This road, only recently built, 257 00:42:08,680 --> 00:42:11,800 has cut through their territory. 258 00:42:20,840 --> 00:42:24,200 The alpha male is cautious. 259 00:42:32,120 --> 00:42:36,240 His own mother was killed on this road. 260 00:42:58,320 --> 00:43:01,120 He makes sure it's clear before crossing 261 00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:04,400 with the slower members of his family. 262 00:43:22,920 --> 00:43:26,840 If the group is to get what they need... 263 00:43:30,240 --> 00:43:34,000 ...they will have to go against their natural instincts... 264 00:43:36,360 --> 00:43:39,520 ...and approach humans. 265 00:44:07,960 --> 00:44:11,760 But their new neighbours are friendly. 266 00:44:17,520 --> 00:44:21,320 And they allow the chimps to collect... 267 00:44:23,440 --> 00:44:25,440 ...jackfruit, 268 00:44:25,440 --> 00:44:28,520 the largest of all tree fruits. 269 00:44:34,840 --> 00:44:39,840 Jackfruit grow all year round in people's gardens. 270 00:44:52,720 --> 00:44:55,000 And they're more nutritious 271 00:44:55,000 --> 00:44:57,720 than the limited amount of wild food 272 00:44:57,720 --> 00:45:02,440 the chimps can now find in what remains of their forest. 273 00:45:13,880 --> 00:45:16,440 But this is a new world... 274 00:45:17,760 --> 00:45:20,560 ...and a new relationship. 275 00:45:25,200 --> 00:45:29,080 New boundaries need to be established. 276 00:45:32,000 --> 00:45:34,760 Some of the chimps start to help themselves 277 00:45:34,760 --> 00:45:36,920 to people's crops. 278 00:46:10,560 --> 00:46:13,120 They have outstayed their welcome, 279 00:46:13,120 --> 00:46:17,160 and the alpha male decides that it's time to leave. 280 00:46:37,440 --> 00:46:41,840 The chimps make this dangerous journey every day. 281 00:46:59,920 --> 00:47:02,520 But these highly intelligent animals, 282 00:47:02,520 --> 00:47:05,040 our closest living relatives, 283 00:47:05,040 --> 00:47:07,600 have managed, just about, 284 00:47:07,600 --> 00:47:10,040 to carve out a place for themselves 285 00:47:10,040 --> 00:47:12,880 in this changing world. 286 00:47:17,960 --> 00:47:20,440 Animals have maintained 287 00:47:20,440 --> 00:47:23,640 a long-established relationship with forests. 288 00:47:27,960 --> 00:47:32,160 But as we continue to break our connections with them, 289 00:47:32,160 --> 00:47:34,920 the question is, 290 00:47:34,920 --> 00:47:37,400 for how much longer will they survive? 291 00:47:39,480 --> 00:47:44,520 Surely, the time has come to rebuild them. 292 00:48:07,400 --> 00:48:09,520 Over many years, 293 00:48:09,520 --> 00:48:12,680 I've been lucky enough to watch chimps in their natural home, 294 00:48:12,680 --> 00:48:16,080 such as here in the thick forests of West Africa. 295 00:48:17,400 --> 00:48:19,720 Chimpanzees. 296 00:48:19,720 --> 00:48:22,560 A peaceful scene of jungle harmony. 297 00:48:24,120 --> 00:48:26,640 The experienced male... 298 00:48:26,640 --> 00:48:29,040 ...is sitting right there. 299 00:48:29,040 --> 00:48:32,240 But the lives of many chimpanzees 300 00:48:32,240 --> 00:48:34,720 are now changing dramatically. 301 00:48:50,080 --> 00:48:53,880 Here, in Uganda, over the last decade, 302 00:48:53,880 --> 00:48:58,200 they have lost over 80% of their forest home. 303 00:49:04,760 --> 00:49:08,520 They don't live in a protected area. 304 00:49:10,560 --> 00:49:14,600 To survive here, they have to live alongside 305 00:49:14,600 --> 00:49:18,960 the 200 or so human families who farm here. 306 00:49:20,680 --> 00:49:23,440 The chimps always come from the forest. 307 00:49:24,640 --> 00:49:27,040 They come to eat jackfruit from my land. 308 00:49:28,680 --> 00:49:31,480 They know us by our faces, 309 00:49:31,480 --> 00:49:34,800 as we know them by their faces, as well. 310 00:49:36,040 --> 00:49:39,440 To tell the story of this remarkable chimp group, 311 00:49:39,440 --> 00:49:43,680 the Planet Earth team are working with these residents. 312 00:49:49,280 --> 00:49:50,880 Who was that, Tom? 313 00:49:50,880 --> 00:49:52,840 This one was Araali. 314 00:49:54,720 --> 00:49:59,800 Tom is part of the Bulindi Chimpanzee and Community Project. 315 00:50:01,680 --> 00:50:06,360 He's been studying the chimps every day for the last 15 years... 316 00:50:07,600 --> 00:50:10,840 ...and has seen the change first-hand. 317 00:50:11,920 --> 00:50:13,960 Very many things have changed. 318 00:50:13,960 --> 00:50:17,720 When chimpanzees were seeing people, they would run. 319 00:50:17,720 --> 00:50:19,720 Run very quickly and go. 320 00:50:19,720 --> 00:50:22,320 But now they just stand. 321 00:50:22,320 --> 00:50:24,400 Because everywhere they go, 322 00:50:24,400 --> 00:50:26,560 they find a person. 323 00:50:29,080 --> 00:50:33,400 Chimps are normally tricky to film in the wild. 324 00:50:33,400 --> 00:50:37,000 But in this human world, the crew are surprised 325 00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:39,880 by how easy it is to approach them. 326 00:50:42,880 --> 00:50:45,400 Another one coming up the path. 327 00:50:48,760 --> 00:50:50,760 But back in the forest, 328 00:50:50,760 --> 00:50:53,120 it's a different story. 329 00:50:56,160 --> 00:51:00,120 Here, the chimps seem wary of the newcomers. 330 00:51:09,120 --> 00:51:10,960 There's a ditch there. 331 00:51:18,640 --> 00:51:21,080 All the crew get to see... 332 00:51:23,720 --> 00:51:25,920 ...is a lot of bottoms. 333 00:51:27,640 --> 00:51:32,480 This afternoon, the chimps have been taking us on a wild-goose chase. 334 00:51:32,480 --> 00:51:35,400 They've crossed the river and then they've crossed back, 335 00:51:35,400 --> 00:51:37,800 gone past us while we're in the woods, 336 00:51:37,800 --> 00:51:40,160 and then now they've disappeared again. 337 00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:44,920 When we don't have chimps... 338 00:51:44,920 --> 00:51:47,920 ...we film goats! 339 00:51:54,760 --> 00:51:57,480 Here, in the chimps' forest home, 340 00:51:57,480 --> 00:52:00,880 it's going to take time to earn the group's trust... 341 00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:05,880 I think they found Moses. 342 00:52:07,040 --> 00:52:08,960 ...and get to know one another. 343 00:52:08,960 --> 00:52:10,880 This is Jack. 344 00:52:12,160 --> 00:52:16,040 After two weeks, things are improving on the ground. 345 00:52:17,760 --> 00:52:22,320 But what will the chimps think of the crew up in the trees? 346 00:52:26,040 --> 00:52:29,760 I can see a bunch of chimp faces looking up at me. 347 00:52:29,760 --> 00:52:31,520 This is a new experience for them. 348 00:52:31,520 --> 00:52:34,680 I doubt they've ever seen a human in a tree before. 349 00:52:34,680 --> 00:52:37,840 So, hopefully, they accept me. 350 00:53:02,200 --> 00:53:04,560 After hours of waiting... 351 00:53:05,720 --> 00:53:07,520 ...success! 352 00:53:11,040 --> 00:53:13,600 All the chimps that were on the ground looking up at me 353 00:53:13,600 --> 00:53:15,520 are now happily in the tree, 354 00:53:15,520 --> 00:53:18,560 which is a really good sign that they've accepted me. 355 00:53:20,320 --> 00:53:23,240 It's the first time that we've been able to see at their level 356 00:53:23,240 --> 00:53:25,120 while they're feeding. 357 00:53:45,920 --> 00:53:48,480 For the crew, it has taken a long time 358 00:53:48,480 --> 00:53:50,640 to gain the chimps' acceptance. 359 00:53:52,520 --> 00:53:55,640 But, in fact, the chimps here have shown that they can 360 00:53:55,640 --> 00:53:58,400 respond quickly to the presence of people. 361 00:54:00,920 --> 00:54:04,640 Chimpanzees are highly intelligent. 362 00:54:04,640 --> 00:54:07,160 If you cut down the forest, 363 00:54:07,160 --> 00:54:10,160 well, chimps will start eating human crops. 364 00:54:10,160 --> 00:54:15,000 If you divide their range up with roads and, you know... 365 00:54:15,000 --> 00:54:18,600 Well, chimps will end up just learning to cross the roads. 366 00:54:20,960 --> 00:54:24,800 The animals can adapt to an increasingly human environment. 367 00:54:24,800 --> 00:54:29,520 The question is, can people accommodate an animal like a chimp? 368 00:54:39,920 --> 00:54:42,440 Chimpanzees can be dangerous. 369 00:54:44,920 --> 00:54:49,200 Living alongside them is a mixed experience. 370 00:55:04,200 --> 00:55:08,480 The local community and the project have been working together 371 00:55:08,480 --> 00:55:12,160 to try to decrease the impact of these problems. 372 00:55:17,080 --> 00:55:19,760 Over the last eight years, 373 00:55:19,760 --> 00:55:21,920 Lilian and her family 374 00:55:21,920 --> 00:55:24,680 have planted native seedlings on her land 375 00:55:24,680 --> 00:55:27,240 and left her patch of forest to regrow. 376 00:55:28,400 --> 00:55:31,840 If we cut it, they come and sleep in our houses, 377 00:55:31,840 --> 00:55:34,600 so we should leave that place for them. 378 00:55:37,200 --> 00:55:40,680 If you leave them and you don't disturb them, 379 00:55:40,680 --> 00:55:43,320 they are peaceful animals. 380 00:55:47,720 --> 00:55:51,000 With other residents following suit, 381 00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:55,920 more of the forest is showing positive signs of return. 382 00:55:59,600 --> 00:56:02,000 There is a long way to go, 383 00:56:02,000 --> 00:56:06,240 and the future for these chimps remains uncertain. 384 00:56:09,520 --> 00:56:13,440 But where peaceful coexistence can be built, 385 00:56:13,440 --> 00:56:15,600 there is hope. 386 00:56:24,960 --> 00:56:27,880 Next time... 387 00:56:27,880 --> 00:56:31,960 ...animals battle the elements in a world of extremes... 388 00:56:35,040 --> 00:56:37,720 ...where life exists on a knife edge... 389 00:56:40,760 --> 00:56:44,200 ...in Earth's greatest natural wonders. 390 00:56:50,040 --> 00:56:53,440 Habitat Explorer brings animals and their habitats to life. 391 00:56:53,440 --> 00:56:57,240 Explore this free interactive, and make origami animals. 392 00:56:57,240 --> 00:57:01,200 Go to bbc.co.uk/planetearth3 393 00:57:01,200 --> 00:57:03,160 and follow the links to the Open University. 394 00:57:03,160 --> 00:57:05,400 Or to order a free printed version, 395 00:57:05,400 --> 00:57:09,560 visit the website or call the numbers on the screen.