WEBVTT

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In this lesson we will learn

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about security coprocessors.

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Security coprocessor are specialized hardware components

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that handle cryptographic operations

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and store sensitive data within a protected environment.

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Security coprocessor concepts include

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Central Processing Unit or CPU Security Extensions

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and Secure Enclaves.

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CPU Security Extensions provide

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hardware based protection

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by creating secure execution environments

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for critical processes and data.

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Secure enclaves further isolate sensitive data

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and operations from the rest of the system,

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offering a secure area specifically

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for storing encryption keys

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and performing secure transactions.

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These technologies work together

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to enhance overall system security

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by safeguarding critical data and processes

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from unauthorized access.

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Let's learn more about CPU Security Extensions

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and Secure Enclaves.

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First, we have CPU Security Extensions.

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CPU Security Extensions are hardware-based technologies

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that create secure execution environments within the CPU

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to protect critical processes and data

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from unauthorized access and tampering.

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The implementation of CPU security extensions

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involves configuring a systems firmware

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and enabling these features within the system settings.

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Examples of CPU Security Extensions

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include Intel's Trusted Execution Technology

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and AMD's Secure Encrypted Virtualization.

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These technologies are specifically designed

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to prevent a range of attacks such as memory corruption,

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unauthorized access to sensitive data,

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and breaches of virtual machine isolation,

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which can occur when attackers try

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to exploit vulnerabilities in the operating system,

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applications or hypervisors.

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CPU Security Extensions work

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by isolating specific parts of the system

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where sensitive operations take place,

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creating a trusted execution environment

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that is shielded from the main operating system

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and other applications.

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This isolation helps prevent malware, rootkits,

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and other malicious software

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from interfering with secure processes.

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For instance, Intel's Trusted Execution Technology validates

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that the software environment is secure

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before sensitive applications run,

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protecting against attacks that aim

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to alter the execution environment.

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On the other hand, AMD's Secure Encrypted Virtualization

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encrypts data inside virtual machines,

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ensuring that even if the hypervisor is compromised,

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the virtual machines remain protected

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from unauthorized access.

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The bottom line is that CPU security extensions

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create secure environments within the CPU

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to protect critical data and processes

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from unauthorized access and attack.

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CPU Security Extensions isolate sensitive operations,

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shielding them from the main operating system

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and preventing malware or tampering.

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This ensures a secure environment for critical applications.

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Second, we have Secure Enclaves.

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A secure enclave is a type

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of secure execution environment specific to Apple hardware

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that operates independently from the main CPU.

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Unlike general CPU security extensions,

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secure enclave is designed specifically

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to manage a sensitive operations

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such as storing encryption keys, handling biometric data,

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and performing secure transactions.

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Secure Enclave has its own dedicated processor and memory,

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making it highly resistant to unauthorized access

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even if the main operating system is compromised.

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This unique setup prevents sensitive data from being exposed

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to the main system or any potentially malicious software.

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This significantly reduces the risk of data breach

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related to cryptographic keys and biometric information.

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Secure Enclaves are primarily meant

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to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information

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such as biometric data and cryptographic keys.

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By keeping these operations completely separate

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from the main CPU and the rest of the system,

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this isolation helps to protect against attacks

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that target the main operating system

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or applications running on it,

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ensuring that even if the main system is compromised,

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the secure data handled by the secure enclave

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remains protected.

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The bottom line is that Secure Enclaves

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are exclusive to Apple devices

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and they provide a dedicated isolated environment

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for managing sensitive operations

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like encryption keys and biometric data.

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This isolation ensures

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that critical information remains secure

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even if the main operating system is compromised,

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significantly reducing the risk of data breaches.

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So remember, security coprocessors

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are specialized hardware components

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that handle cryptographic operations

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and protect sensitive data in a secure environment.

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Key coprocessor technologies include

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CPU Security Extensions and Secure Enclaves,

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each enhancing system security in different ways.

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CPU Security Extensions create secure execution environments

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within the CPU, isolating critical processes and data

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to protect them from unauthorized access and attacks.

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Secure Enclaves, which are specific to Apple devices,

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further isolate sensitive data and operations

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from the main system by using a dedicated processor

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and memory to safeguard encryption keys

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and secure transactions.

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Together, these technologies strengthen system security

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by ensuring that critical data remains protected,

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even if the broader operating system is compromised.